![]() high dose ≥1,000 mg/day), and treatment duration (shorter term <12 weeks vs. ≥23 μmol/L), vitamin C dose used (lower dose <1,000 mg/day vs. obese ≥30 kg/m 2), plasma vitamin C concentration (hypovitaminosis C <23 μmol/L vs. Prespecified subgroup analyses were based on BMI (nonobese <30 kg/m 2 vs. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted on outcome measures that contained at least 10 studies. The aim of this review, therefore, is 1) to investigate the efficacy of oral vitamin C supplementation in improving glycemic control, blood lipids, BP, and oxidative stress in people with type 2 diabetes and 2) to assess evidence certainty on the basis of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Furthermore, limited information on evidence quality and evidence certainty also warrants further evaluation to ascertain potential clinical translatability of vitamin C supplementation. While these prior reviews included many relevant studies, the substantial increase in published studies over recent years warrants an updated and more focused evaluation of vitamin C supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes. ![]() ![]() ![]() Other meta-analyses investigated effects of vitamins in people with type 2 diabetes ( 12– 14) however, supplements were not exclusive to vitamin C only. Prior systematic reviews of RCTs have focused on the effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control ( 8), lipids ( 9), BP ( 10), and endothelial function ( 11), although these were not specific to people with type 2 diabetes. Vitamin C is a water-soluble antioxidant that has been investigated therapeutically in people with type 2 diabetes. ![]()
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